Toads of the Rhinella genus have a pair of paratoid glands that store biological secretions of high toxicity and varied chemical composition, rich in biologically active compounds. The present work aimed to carry out the investigation of the metabolomic profile and evaluation of the biological potential of the secretion paratoid glands (PGS) from Rhinella granulosa. The paratoid secretion was collected in the Piauí state (Brazil), extracted with methanol and the extract was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fifty chemical constituents were identified. The extract showed cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines of the central nervous system (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.9 µg mL-1) and prostate (IC50 = 1.6 µg mL-1), unsatisfactory antimicrobial potential (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 312 µg mL-1) and inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 5.119 mg mL-1). The results presented relevant information about the PGS and contributed to the understanding of the metabolomic and biological potential of R. granulosa.

Phytochemical investigation of the CHCl3 fraction from EtOH extract of Tocoyena hispidula (Rubiaceae) stem resulted in the isolation and identification of D-(+)-mannitol, lupenone, 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid, lapachol, dimethyl chelidonate, morindolide and four mixtures (M1-M4): M1 (palmitate, margarate, linoleate, oleate e stearate of the multiflorenyl, lupeyl, sitosteryl and stigmasteryl), M2 (lupeol, taraxerol, germanicol, β-amyrin and E-fitol), M3 (campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, Δ22-stigmastenol, sitosterol and sitostanol) and M4 (7-ketositosterol and 7-ketostigmasterol). Structural identification of the compounds was performed by analysis 1H and 13C NMR spectra and by GC-MS. Extract, fractions, dimethyl chelidonate and morindolide inhibited the growth of Leishmania major promastigotes, being the CHCl3 (IC50 = 26.25 µg mL-1) and EtOAc (IC50 = 29.77 µg mL-1) fractions the more active.

Phytochemical investigation from carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) wax led to the identification of sixteen dammarane-type triterpenes, including thirteen new characterized as: (24R*)-methyldammara-20,25-dien-3α-ol and a mixture of alkyl (24R*)-methyldammar-25-en-20-ol-3β-carboxylates, together with three previously described triterpenes: carnaubadiol, (24R*)-methyldammara-20,25-dien-3β-ol and (24R*)-24-methyldammara-20,25-dien-3-one. Moreover, four fatty alcohols (eicosanol, docosanol, tetracosanol and hexacosanol) as well as four sterols (cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol) were also obtained. These compounds were isolated using classical chromatographic methods and their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Extratos etanólicos de Qualea grandiflora e Copernicia prunifera e extrato hexânico de Dipteryx lacunifera foram avaliados quanto a atividade antibacteriana, utilizando ensaios de difusão a partir de orifício e concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), frente a cepas Gram positivas e Gram-negativas, incluindo espécies multidroga resistentes. O extrato de Q. grandiflora apresentou atividade moderada para as cepas de Staphylococcus epidermidis (CIM = 500 µg/mL) e atividade fraca sobre as demais bactérias Gram-positivas testadas e inativo sobre bactérias Gram-negativas. Os resultados obtidos com S. epidermidis apesar de moderados são importantes, uma vez que este microorganismo é o principal causador de bacteremias e sepse associada com dispositivos médicos implantados. gama-Tocoferol e a mistura de sitosterol e estigmasterol foram isolados do extrato etanólico de raiz de C. prunifera e as estruturas destes compostos foram identificadas com base na análise dos dados espectrais de RMN e comparação com a literatura.

Ethanol extracts of Qualea grandiflora and Copernicia prunifera and hexane extract of Dipteryx lacunifera were evaluated by diffusion in agar and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including multiresistant drug strains. The extract of Q. grandiflora presented moderate activity for Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC = 500 µg/mL) and weak activity against other Gram-positive strains and inactive for Gram-negative species. The results obtained for S. epidermidis despite being moderate are important because this pathogen is often recovered from bacteremia and sepsis from infections of implanted devices. gamma-Tocopherol and the mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of C. prunifera. The structures of these compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopy and comparison with literature data.